Cytidylyl cyclase activity of bacterial exotoxins
نویسندگان
چکیده
3',5'-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are key second messengers for a wide variety of mammalian cellular processes. The natural occurrence of a third cyclic nucleotide, 3',5'-cyclic cytidine monophosphate (cCMP) had been discussed very controversially 30–35 years ago [1-3], but later, cCMP was identified unambiguously in various mammalian tissues [4] indicating cCMP to be a novel second messenger with potential importance in regulation of cell growth, proliferation, tissue development and modulation of immune responses [5]. However, the precise identity of the cCMP-forming enzyme in mammalian cells is still unclear. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence for cytidylyl cyclase (CC) activity of purified bacterial exotoxins.
منابع مشابه
BTXpred: Prediction of Bacterial Toxins
This paper describes a method developed for predicting bacterial toxins from their amino acid sequences. All the modules, developed in this study, were trained and tested on a non-redundant dataset of 150 bacterial toxins that included 77 exotoxins and 73 endotoxins. Firstly, support vector machines (SVM) based modules were developed for predicting the bacterial toxins using amino acids and dip...
متن کاملNucleotidyl Cyclase Activity of Particulate Guanylyl Cyclase A: Comparison with Particulate Guanylyl Cyclases E and F, Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase and Bacterial Adenylyl Cyclases Cyaa and Edema Factor
Guanylyl cyclases (GCs) regulate many physiological processes by catalyzing the synthesis of the second messenger cGMP. The GC family consists of seven particulate GCs (pGCs) and a nitric oxide-activated soluble GC (sGC). Rat sGC α1β1 possesses much broader substrate specificity than previously assumed. Moreover, the exotoxins CyaA from Bordetella pertussis and edema factor (EF) from Bacillus a...
متن کاملProtein kinase A translocation and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells: studies with adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis.
Activation of protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PKA) triggers insulin secretion in the beta-cell. Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), a bacterial exotoxin with adenylate cyclase activity, and forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, both dose-dependently increased insulin secretion in the presence, but not the absence, of glucose in insulin-secreting betaTC3 cells. The stimulatio...
متن کاملE VALUATION OF ADENYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVITY IN MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
The term mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is used for a particular subset of patients with hyperadrenergic dysautonomia. It occurs when part of a leaflet or both leaflets of the mitral valve extend above the plane of the atrioventricular junction during ventricular systole. The adenylate cyclase activity in MVP dys-autonomia was studied by extraction of enzyme from the erythrocytes from 62 norma...
متن کاملCyclic CMP and cyclic UMP: new (old) second messengers
Historical background As early as 1965 it was proposed that in addition to the well-established second messengers, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, the cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides, cyclic CMP (cCMP) and cyclic UMP (cUMP) could play a role as second messenger molecules. This hypothesis was based on the identification of cCMPand cUMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities in mammalian tissues...
متن کامل